由于研究已经确立了自主学习对学生更好地为高等教育的需求做准备的重要作用，中等教育现在已明确强调这一方法。自主学习技能的教学在初中和小学也有所增加，目的是让学生为中学教育做好准备。由于学习策略需要有意识地去理解它们，有动机的学习者更有可能使用这些策略，从而增加他们的知识基础。文献提供了大量的策略，从非常简单的重读方法到更复杂的方法，综合知识或绘制概念图来说明问题。大体可分为目标设定与规划、自我监控、自我评价和寻求帮助四种类型。韦氏词典将目标定义为一个人的雄心或努力的目标;目标目标或期望的结果(目标)无日期)。目标的设定和如何实现目标的计划是一项重要的生活技能，需要教授给所有的学生，无论年级的水平。它们是互补的过程，可以帮助学习者建立目标并使用策略来实现这些目标。目标可以很简单，比如在考试中取得好成绩，也可以很详细，比如建立一个全面理解一个主题的途径。为了实现长期目标，很重要的是要教学生有短期可达到的目标，也称为SMART(具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、相关的和及时的)目标。如果一个学生的长期目标是在未来的考试中取得好成绩，那么他们的短期可达到的目标应该是设定一个具体的时间框架来准备和使用特定的学习技能来帮助确保在考试中取得成功。研究表明，为自己的教育设定短期目标的学生发现，这是一种跟踪自己学习进度的有效方式(Zimmerman, 2008)。计划是指学生为任务设定目标，制定实现目标的策略，并确定实现目标所需的时间和资源(Schunk， & Zimmerman, 2007)。指导学生在可行的小步骤中计划和组织他们的学术任务是促进自我调节和学习的一个很好的方法。
澳洲教育学essay代写 自主学习
Since research has established the vital role of self-regulated learning to better prepare students for the demands of higher education, secondary education has now put a clear emphasis on this approach. Teaching of self-regulated learning skills has increased at the middle and elementary schools too, with the aim of preparing students for secondary education. Since learning of strategies requires a conscious effort in understanding them, motivated learners are more likely to use these strategies and thus increase their knowledge base. The literature provides a large number of strategies, ranging from very simple rereading methods to more complex approaches to synthesizing knowledge or drawing concept maps to illustrate problems. Broadly they can be classified into four types such as goal setting and planning, self-monitoring, self-evaluation and seeking assistance.Merriam Webster dictionary defines goal as the object of a person’s ambition or effort; an aim or desired result (Goal. n.d.). Goal setting and planning of how the goal will be achieved is an important life skill that needs to be taught to all students regardless of grade level. They are complementary processes, that can help learners establish goals and use strategies to reach these goals. Goals can be as simple as earning a good grade on an exam, or as detailed as creating a pathway to comprehending a topic extensively. In order to achieve long term goals, it is important to teach students to have short-term attainable goals, also referred to as a SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and timely) goals. If a student’s long-term goal is to do well on a future exam, then their short-term attainable goal should be to set a specific timeframe to prepare and use specific study skills to help ensure success on the exam. Research suggests that students who set short-term goals for their education find it an effective way to track their learning progress (Zimmerman, 2008). Planning occurs when students set a goal for the task, establish strategies for achieving the goal, and determine how much time and resources will be required to achieve the goal (Schunk, & Zimmerman, 2007). Instructing students to plan and organize their academic tasks in small doable steps is a great approach to promoting self-regulation and learning.