家庭成员在照顾老人方面可以发挥非常重要的作用，无论是在家里还是在养老院。如果老人在家被照顾，那么家是一个安全的环境是非常重要的，这将有助于促进老年人的安全感。这个家庭可以通过安装一个警报系统或者给老人一个他们戴着的警报来做到这一点。在照顾老人时，交流是至关重要的，这包括一系列的事情，家庭成员应该根据老人的能力鼓励一种积极的生活方式，可以通过喝咖啡、水中有氧运动、短距离散步、玩宾果游戏等。这有助于促进包容感和自我价值感。家庭成员可以帮助支持和保持老年人的独立性，允许他们做他们能做的事情，只有在必要的时候提供帮助，这可以避免习得性无助。家庭成员应尽量陪同老年人购物或全科医生访问和社会活动，如果他们有能力自己去这应该得到推广。家庭成员也可以鼓励年长的人说话,也许讨论结束生命的愿望,任何他们可能有恐惧和焦虑,这也可以帮助家庭成员可能获得一些洞察人的感觉,也可能解释他们的一些行为。在可能的情况下，家庭成员可以尝试证实他们的一些担忧和恐惧，并向他们保证，他们的遗愿将在可能的情况下得到实现。家庭成员也可以尝试让老年人参与家庭活动，让他们了解家庭事务的最新情况，这有助于促进和帮助他们在认知决策中保持自己的独立性。重要的是，家庭成员要让自己了解一种疾病，以及它对一个人的影响，如果老人被诊断出患有痴呆等疾病。这可以帮助家庭了解它对人的影响和行为变化。它可以帮助家庭学习如何管理疾病和正确的反应。如果老年人需要移动辅助设备或家里的提升机，家庭成员接受过如何使用这些设备的培训是非常重要的，因为不当使用可能会对家庭成员或老年人造成严重伤害。
Discuss how family members can be included as partners in care for the older person
Family members can have a very significant role in the care of the older person whether it be at home or in a nursing home. If the older person is been cared for at home it is very important that the home is a safe environment, this will help to promote the feeling of security for the older person. The family can do this by maybe installing an alarm system or giving the older person an alarm that they wear. Communication is of vital importance when dealing with the care of an older person, this includes a range of things, family members should encourage an active lifestyle based on the older person’s ability this could be through coffee mornings, aqua aerobics, short walks, bingo etc. This can help to promote feelings of inclusion and self-worth. Family members can help support and maintain independence for the older person, by allowing the person to do what they are able to do and only assist when necessary this can avoid learned helplessness. Family members should try and accompany the older person shopping or GP visits and social activities if they have the ability to go themselves this should be promoted. Family members can also encourage the older person to talk and maybe discuss the end of life wishes, any fear or anxiety they may be having, this can also help the family members to maybe gain some insight to how the person is feeling and also maybe explain some of their behaviours. Family members where possible can try and validate some of their worries and fears and reassure them that their end of life wishes will be carried out where possible. Family members can also try to keep the older person involved in family occasions and keep them updated on family matters this can help to promote and help them maintain their autonomy by including them in decisions of cognitive. It is important that family members educate themselves about illness and the impact it may have on a person if the older person has been diagnosed with a condition for e.g. dementia. This can help the family to understand its effect and behavioural changes it can have on the person. It can help the family to learn how to manage the illness and the correct responses. If the older person needs mobility aids or maybe a hoist in the home, it is profoundly important that family members have had training on how to use these, as misuse could cause serious injury to the family member or the older person.
If the older person is been cared for in a nursing home nearly all of the above still applies. The family members should still try to be as involved as they can, if the older person needs assisted feeding, a family member could maybe try and be there at mealtimes. In a nursing home, the older person can feel very anxious as they have been taken away from their home and everything that is familiar to them, it can help to try and make their room personal to them. This can be achieved by decorating the room with familiar objects from home like pictures, blankets and cushions etc. In a nursing home setting, it can make the transition a little easier if the family contribute to the care plan for the older person as in most circumstances the family knows best in regards to the older person likes, dislikes, values and beliefs.
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